Dissociation in performance of children with ADHD and autism on a task of sustained attention
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2007Citation:
Johnson, K.A., Robertson, I.H., Kelly, S.P., Silk, T.J., Daibhis A, Watchorn A, Keavey M, Gallagher, L., Barry, E., Cox, M., Fitzgerald, M., Gill, M., Bellgrove, M.A., Dissociation in performance of children with ADHD and autism on a task of sustained attention, Neuropsychologia, 45, 10, 2007, 2234 - 2245Download Item:
Abstract:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are two neurodevelopmental disorders associated with prominent executive dysfunction, which may be underpinned by disruption within fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal circuits. We probed executive function in these disorders using a sustained attention task with a validated brain-behaviour basis. Twenty-three children with ADHD, 21 children with high-functioning autism (HFA) and 18 control children were tested on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). In a fixed sequence version of the task, children were required to withhold their response to a predictably occurring no-go target (3) in a 1-9 digit sequence; in the random version the sequence was unpredictable. The ADHD group showed clear deficits in response inhibition and sustained attention, through higher errors of commission and omission on both SART versions. The HFA group showed no sustained attention deficits, through a normal number of omission errors on both SART versions. The HFA group showed dissociation in response inhibition performance, as indexed by commission errors. On the Fixed SART, a normal number of errors was made, however when the stimuli were randomised, the HFA group made as many commission errors as the ADHD group. Greater slow-frequency variability in response time and a slowing in mean response time by the ADHD group suggested impaired arousal processes. The ADHD group showed greater fast-frequency variability in response time, indicative of impaired top-down control, relative to the HFA and control groups. These data imply involvement of fronto-parietal attentional networks and sub-cortical arousal systems in the pathology of ADHD and prefrontal cortex dysfunction in children with HFA.
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http://people.tcd.ie/johnsokahttp://people.tcd.ie/iroberts
http://people.tcd.ie/mifitzge
http://people.tcd.ie/bellgrom
http://people.tcd.ie/lgallagh
http://people.tcd.ie/mgill
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PUBLISHED(242) PMID: 17433378 ABSTRACT: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are two neurodevelopmental disorders associated with prominent executive dysfunction, which may be underpinned by disruption within fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal circuits. We probed executive function in these disorders using a sustained attention task with a validated brain-behaviour basis. Twenty-three children with ADHD, 21 children with high-functioning autism (HFA) and 18 control children were tested on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). In a fixed sequence version of the task, children were required to withhold their response to a predictably occurring no-go target (3) in a 1-9 digit sequence; in the random version the sequence was unpredictable. The ADHD group showed clear deficits in response inhibition and sustained attention, through higher errors of commission and omission on both SART versions. The HFA group showed no sustained attention deficits, through a normal number of omission errors on both SART versions. The HFA group showed dissociation in response inhibition performance, as indexed by commission errors. On the Fixed SART, a normal number of errors was made, however when the stimuli were randomised, the HFA group made as many commission errors as the ADHD group. Greater slow-frequency variability in response time and a slowing in mean response time by the ADHD group suggested impaired arousal processes. The ADHD group showed greater fast-frequency variability in response time, indicative of impaired top-down control, relative to the HFA and control groups. These data imply involvement of fronto-parietal attentional networks and sub-cortical arousal systems in the pathology of ADHD and prefrontal cortex dysfunction in children with HFA.
Author: JOHNSON, KATHERINE; ROBERTSON, IAN; GALLAGHER, LOUISE; GILL, MICHAEL; BELLGROVE, MARK; FITZGERALD, MICHAEL
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Neuropsychologia45
10
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Response time, fast Fourier transform, variability, arousal, response inhibition, executive functionSubject (TCD):
Neuroscience , ADD/ADHD , ADD/ADHD , ADHD , ADHD , ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) , Adolescent Psychiatry , Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , CHILD PSYCHIATRY , COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY , CONSULTATION LIAISON PSYCHIATRY , CONSULTATION-LIAISON PSYCHIATRY , DISORDER ADHD , GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY , LIAISON PSYCHIATRY , Neuropsychiatry , Neuropsychiatry , PSYCHIATRY , Psychiatry , Psychiatry , SUSTAINED ATTENTION , child and adolescent Psychiatry , neurodevelopmental psychiatryDOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.02.019Metadata
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