Browsing School of Genetics & Microbiology by Title
Now showing items 475-494 of 870
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Macrosynteny analysis shows the absence of ancient whole-genome duplication in lepidopteran insects
(2019)Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is considered a key evolutionary event for genetic innovation and has occurred in diverse eukaryotic lineages (1). In PNAS, Li et al. (2) report multiple WGD events in hexapods, which is ... -
Mammalian X chromosome inactivation evolved as a dosage-compensation mechanism for dosage-sensitive genes on the X chromosome.
(2012)How and why female somatic X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) evolved in mammals remains poorly understood. Ohno proposed a two-step process where XCI is a dosage-compensation mechaQ: 7 nism that evolved to equalize ... -
MDMA "ecstasy' increases cerebral cortical perfusion determined by bolus-tracking arterial spin labelling (btASL) MRI
(2013)BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess cerebral perfusion changes following systemic administration of the recreational drug 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA 'ecstasy') to rats. EXPERIMENTAL ... -
Mechanical strength and inhibition of the Staphylococcus aureus collagen-binding protein Cna
(2016)The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus expresses a variety of cell surface adhesion proteins that bind to host extracellular matrix proteins. Among these, the collagen (Cn)-binding protein Cna plays important roles ... -
Mechanisms of action and vulnerabilities associated with the oncogene EZH2 in germinal centre B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Genetics & Microbiology. Discipline of Genetics, 2022)Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are highly conserved chromatin regulators that play a critical role as transcriptional repressors in mediating and maintaining cellular identity. PcG proteins assemble into large, distinct, ... -
Mechanisms of Chromosome Number Evolution in Yeast
(PLoS, 2011)The whole-genome duplication (WGD) that occurred during yeast evolution changed the basal number of chromosomes from 8 to 16. However, the number of chromosomes in post-WGD species now ranges between 10 and 16, and the ... -
Meta-Analysis of mitochondrial DNA reveals several population bottlenecks during worldwide migrations of cattle
(2014)Several studies have investigated the differentiation of mitochondrial DNA in Eurasian, African and American cattle as well as archaeological bovine material. A global survey of these studies shows that haplogroup distributions ... -
Metabolic engineering of yeasts by heterologous enzyme production for degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose from biomass: a perspective
(2014)This review focuses on current approaches to metabolic engineering of ethanologenic yeast species for the production of bioethanol from complex lignocellulose biomass sources. The experimental strategies for the degradation ... -
MFRP -Associated Retinopathy and Nanophthalmos in Two Irish Probands: A Case Report
(2022)The conjunction of nanophthalmos (NO) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) provides challenges to effective clinical management while narrowing the genetic spectrum for targeted molecular diagnostics. This case study describes ... -
Microevolution in Helicobacter pylori
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Microbiology, 2002)Helicobacter pylori chronically colonises the human gastric mucosa. It is a major cause of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease and is associated with the development of gastric neoplasia. The population ... -
MicroRNA profiling of the bovine alveolar macrophage response to Mycobacterium bovis infection suggests pathogen survival is enhanced by microRNA regulation of endocytosis and lysosome trafficking
(2015)Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a major problem for global agriculture, spreads via an airborne route and is taken up by alveolar macrophages (AM) in the lung. Here, we describe the first ... -
MicroRNA regulation of the bovine alveolar macrophage response to Mycobacterium bovis
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Genetics, 2015)Bovine tuberculosis is one of the most economically significant infectious diseases of cattle in Ireland and globally, resulting in economic losses of approximately €2 billion annually. The causative agent is Mycobacterium ... -
MicroRNA-21 Limits Uptake of Listeria monocytogenes by Macrophages to Reduce the Intracellular Niche and Control Infection.
(2017)MiRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. MiRNA expression is a crucial part of host responses to bacterial infection, however there is limited knowledge of their impact on the outcome of ... -
Microsatellite genotyping of medieval cattle from central Italy suggests an old origin of Chianina and Romagnola cattle
(2015)Analysis of DNA from archeological remains is a valuable tool to interpret the history of ancient animal populations. So far most studies of ancient DNA target mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which reveals maternal lineages, ... -
The miswired brain: making connections from neurodevelopment to psychopathology
(BIOMED CENTRAL, 2011)Developmental neurobiologists have made great progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying nervous system development. There has been less focus, however, on the consequences when these processes go wrong. ... -
Mitochondrial disorders: aetiologies, models systems, and candidate therapies
(2013)It has become evident that many human disorders are characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction either at a primary level, due to mutations in genes whose encoded products are involved in oxidative phosphorylation, or at a ... -
Mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics and apoptosis
(2010)Mitochondria play an important role in the progression of apoptosis through the release of pro-apoptotic factors, such as cytochrome c, from the mitochondrial intermembrane space. During this process, mitochondrial networks ... -
Mitochondrial fusion : Bax to the Fussure
(2011)Mitochondria can be organized into highly interconnected networks through continuous cycles of fission and fusion. A recent study by Hoppins et al. (2011) published in Molecular Cell now suggests that Bax, more commonly ...
