The impact of migration on the sexual health of migrant men who have sex with men (MSM) in Dublin, Ireland

Abstract

Background: With a long history of emigration, Ireland has recently experienced an unprecedented growth of immigration due to rapid economic growth and recent European Union (EU) enlargement. Migrant men who have sex with men (MSM) are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to limited availability and accessibility of services, social barriers such as stigma and marginalisation, and increased likelihood of engaging in high-risk sexual behaviours. This study examined the views and experiences of migrant MSM in Ireland to identify the factors influencing their vulnerability to HIV and other STIs. Methods: Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the views and experiences of migrant MSM. Purposive sampling methods were used to recruit a sample of MSM from HIV prevention and support services. The study sample included men who were born outside of Ireland and migrated to Ireland aged 16 or above. The interview transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: This study involved fourteen (14) men from a wide range of countries, whose primary purpose of migrating to Ireland was for work or education. Findings indicated a number of behavioural, social, and structural factors that influence the vulnerability and increase the sexual health risk of migrant MSM. These factors are affected by the dynamic migration process, which is further complicated by the role of sexuality. Conclusions: With the increased vulnerability of migrant MSM, a number of interventions are required to address their unique needs beyond conventional programmes for gay, bisexual men and other MSM. With similar patterns of migration in other European countries, the issue of HIV and migration will require a cooperative effort of individual countries and multilateral agencies.