Static joint angle measurement: developing the Uillinn Method © for measurement of knee and elbow angles and comparing its precision with the universal goniometry

Abstract

There remains a deficit of knowledge regarding the expected error associated with the universal goniometer (UG). The Uillinn Method© (UM) was devised as an alternative approach to joint angle measurement. This system uses personal computer (PC) software to form a virtual goniometer to assess joint angles, taken from digital photographs. There was a need to establish the best procedure to apply the UM to measure human movement.