Intergenerational Change in Health, Well-Being and Social Inclusion for Two Groups of Adults With Intellectual Disability Aged 40-49: Findings From a National Longitudinal Study

Abstract

Background: This paper examines differences in health, well-being and social inclusion between two generations of adults with intellectual disability in their 40s, measured 12 years apart. Method: Data was drawn from Waves 1 and 5 of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Descriptive statistics were calculated at Waves 1 and 5 and outcomes were analysed using CHAID (Chi Squared Automatic Interaction Detection) decision tree. Results: Wave was the main predictor of increased weekly contact with friends (p < 0.001), internet use (p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (p < 0.001). Mild exercise (p < 0.001) and moderate exercise decreased (p < 0.001). Self-rated health (p < 0.001) and mental health ratings (p = 0.006) improved, while loneliness declined (p = 0.041). Use of general practitioners (p < 0.001), social work (p < 0.001) and home help (p = 0.020) declined, whereas optician (p = 0.001) and dermatological services (p = 0.048) increased. Conclusion: Intergenerational changes were observed, with improved social inclusion and health perceptions, alongside shifts in behaviour and healthcare use.