Advanced Separation Processes for Recovery of Critical Raw Materials From Renewable and Waste Resources

Abstract

Driven by the fact that global mineral reserves are constantly depleting, systematic mandates and policies have been initiated to augment the recovery of essential resources, which have been categorised as critical raw material (CRMs). This article aims to highlight CRMs, specifically phosphorus and magnesium for their immense potential to be either solely or collectively recovered as economically-significant nutrients from waste and renewable resources. Continuous progress in membrane technologies and process integration to overcome the present technological challenges in recovery strategies are discussed to emphasize the recycling potential of CRMs in view of circular economy and resource management.