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Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. University of Dublin Trinity College THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN SCHOOLS: AN EXAMINATION OF THE PATTERNS OF ADOPTION AND USAGE OF ICT IN IRISH SCHOOLS DURING A NATIONAL ICT INITIATIVE, 1998 - 2000 Volume 2 o f 2 by Aidan Mulkeen A thesis subm itted to the School o f Education at Trinity College, the U niversity o f Dublin, in fulfilm ent o f the requirem ents for the aw ard o f the Degree o f Doctor in Philosophy O ctober 2002 ^TRINITY COLLEG^ 1 7 2002 LIBRARY DUBLIN ^ o 2 o . Q CONTENTS, VOLUME 2 Bibliography................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Questionnaire used in 1998 survey................................................................................. 17 B. Topics examined in case study interviews 1999.......................................................... 29 C. Teacher survey used in case study primary schools 1999 .......................................33 D. 2000 survey questionnaires primary and post-primary, (English versions) 38 E. Statistical report based on 1998 survey......................................................................... 62 F. Report of primary school case studies 1999............................................................... 104 G. Report of post-primary school case studies 1999.....................................................135 H. Survey of teachers in case study primary schools 1999......................................... 170 I. Survey of teachers in case study post-primary Schools 1999................................180 J. Statistical report based on 2000 survey....................................................................... 191 K. 2000 Survey: Unsolicited comments.............................................................................233 L. Tables related to gender patterns (Chapter 7 ) ......................................................... 246 M. Tables related to social patterns (Chapter 8 ) .......................................................... 275 N. Tables related to factors in ICT adoption (Chapter 9).......................................... 292 O. Calculation of the Chi Square statistic.......................................................................309 P. The NCTE Introductory Courses................................................................................. 312 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander, Tom. “New OECD Initiatives on ICT, Education and Learning”, in Dissolving Boundaries, IC T and Learning in the Information Age. 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Teachers College Record, January 2001. 1 6 APPENDIX A QUESTIONNAIRE USED IN 1998 SURVEY liinii S ch o o ls IT 2000 Information Age ProjectAm • o I •• M I a t O I O C A C H A I 9 C O U C A T t O N J 5 e O L A » O C M T A I A N D S C ' C N C C SCHOOLS QUESTIONNAIRE THLECOM EIREANN N O T E S O N C O M P L E T I N G T H E Q U E S T I O N N A I R E Why should you complete this questionnaire? The National Centre for Technology in Education, Telecom Eireann and the D ep ar tm en t of Education and Science are setting out together to im plem ent the Schools IT 2000 P rogram m e and Telecom E ireann’s In form ation Age Program m e in schools th ro u g h o u t Ireland. To help us to p lan and to im plem en t the p rogram m e efficiently w e need accurate in form ation bo th at a total level for all schools and also at an individual level for each school. The inform ation be ing collected is necessary for the p lann ing of the Schools IT 2000 P rogram m e and Telecom Eireann 's Information Age P rogram m e and for the p rov is ion of Internet access to each school. It will also provide data for a baseline su rvey on the use of Inform ation and C om m unica tion Technologies in Irish schools. IMPORTANT: We cannot plan efficiently for your school to be included unless w e receive your completed questionnaire by Friday July 10th 1998. Please try to give an accurate account of what equipment your school has and your school's readiness for ICT and try to avoid under or over reporting. We are setting out to plan programmes appropriate to the level of development of each school - so if you already have a number of computers you w'ill not be penalised - w e w ill develop a programme at a level appropriate to your stage of development. Who else will have access to this information? This inform ation will be used by the D epartm ent of Education and Science, the N ational Centre for Technology in E ducation and Telecom Eireann for the p u rp o ses of p lann ing the Schools IT 2000 P rogram m e and Telecom Eireann’s Inform ation Age P ro g ram m e and will no be released to any o ther bodies except in sum m ary form. Please try to answ er all questions as best vou can b\' p r in t in g your answ ers or by ticking the bo> as appropriate. i l - 5 Job \ 'o . i f t ’ - ' " Q'^cinoi inaire Please PRINT your replies to all questions A. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE SCHOOL N A M E OF SCHOOL; (Please Prir^t) (40-58) (10-39) ADD RESS OF SCHOOL: (Please Print) C i ty /T ow n/V i l lage : County: S C H O O L ROLL NUMBER: (59-78) (79-98) (99-118) (119-126) S C H O O L C O N T A C T NUMBERS: If you have no telephone, please tick this box (If m ore than one te lephone no., please write in m a in contact no.) T e lep h o n e : Fax: SCHOOL TYPE: Area code Telephone number (128-138) (139-149) Area code Telephone number (150) Pr imary Secondary Voca tiona l C o m p re h e n s iv e C om m uni ty College C o m m u n i ty School Special School Is the School a Gaelscoil? 'I'es N u m b e r of Pupils at September 1997 N u m b e r of Teachers at September 1997 (whole time teacher equivalents) □ No I Ii i5i) (152-155) (156-15S) (127) I I I Please PRINT vour replies to all questions B. COMPUTER USAGE IN YOUR SCHOOL If your school does not ha\ 'e any computers, please tick this box and go to Q.7 on page 4 Q.l N um ber and type of computers currently in use in your school J(I59) C om puters U sed O nly for T each ing U sed O nly for A d m in is tra tio n U sed for Both T each in g an d A d m in is tra tio n c (160-17; T o ta l N'umber N o. w ith CD ROM N o. w ith M odem T o ta l N um ber N o. w ith CD ROM N o. w i th M odem T o ta l N um ber No. w ith CD ROM N o. v\' i t h M odem PC - 386 or O ld e r PC - 486 (178-19; PC - P en tium (196-21: PC - P en tiu m Pro (214-23 PC - P en tium MMX (232-24 PC - P en tium 11 (250-26 A pp le 68030 or o lder (268-26 A p p le Pow erM ac (286-3C BBC M icro (304-3: Acorn (322-3. O th e r / D on't know ty p e (340-3 Total N u m b e r of C om puters in School i : - f ?c ' t - - i t ' - (35S-3 Q.2 H o w m any of the school's computers , if any, are networked? (Write in number •*■) (376-378) If any computers are networked, answers Questions 3 and 4. I f none are networked, go to Q.5 Q.3 W hat type of ne twork are they on? Coax (379-382) u UTP □ Other (Please wr ite in ) Don't 1 â ! 5 Q.4 What t}'pe of Network Operating System is used? (3S3-3S6) NT N ovelle UNIX A ppleshare O ther {Please write in Don't know Q.5 What is /a re the location(s) of the Computer(s) w ith in the School Premises? (Tick as many as apply (389-393) Dedicated C om puter Room In the Classroom(s) Librar)' Offices O ther {Please wr ite in ___ Q.6 In w'hat year did your school first start to use computers? 1 9 (394-395) Q.7 N um ber and t)’pe of equipm ent currently in use in your school Other Equipment Used Only forXeachin 7 Used O nly for A dm inistration Used for Both Teaching and A dm inistrationc Total Xumber No. with CD ROM N o. w ith Modem Total Number N o. w'ith CD ROM N o. w ith Mociem T otal Number N o. w ith CD ROM N o. w i t h Moderr Printers - Laser Printer (396-413 - Other Printer type (414-43: Scanner (432-44' Data Projector (450-4o: D igital Camera (46S-4S Photocopier (396-5. P le a s e P R I N T \ ’o u r repl ies to all qu es t io n s I f you h a v e a n y com pu ters in y o u r school , please answer sectio^is C, D and E on pages 5-8. I f y o u do n o t have an y c o m p u te r s in y our school, please go to sect ion F on page 9. C. USE OF COMPUTER IN YOUR SCHOOL Q.l For each of the areas outlined below, please tick whether or not you use computers for that purpose in your school and, if so, how useful you find them for that purpose. Purpose As a teaching tool to supplem ent teaching in ... Yes No Very Fairly Not Very Not At All Useful Useful Useful Useful C om pute r Studies □ □ □ L_ ( 517 ) M aths Languages Science (5 2 0 ) A rt History Geography Business Studies Relig ion (525 ) Careers Guidance 1 Special Needs R em edia l Other Subjects 1 Project based e.g. European Schools, Exchange P rogram m es I I L I 1 1 L. J (53 0 ) A d m in is tra t io n 1 1 1 1 1 ~ | 1 1 ( 5 3 1 ) (502 - 516 ) - 6 - Q.2 For each of the appl icat ions listed below, please tick w h e t h e r or not y o u use corp.puters for that type of appl icat ion and , if so, h o w usefu l y o u find them for that area. A p p l i ca t io n s U s e d Yes N o V erv Fa ir ly N o t Very N o t At All U s e f u l U s e f u l U s e f u l U s e f u l W o r d P roces s ing □ □ □ U (3.., S p r e a d s h e e t s Databases D r a w i n g P r o g r a m m i n g (545' P r e se n ta t i o n G r a p h ic s 1 1 1 S t u d e n t R e c o rd s T i m e - t a b l in g F inanc ia l M a n a g e m e n t (549’ (532-540) Please P R IN T your replies to all ques t ions D . USE OF COMPUTER IN THE CLASSROOM Q.l For each class (as relevant for your school), please tick w hether com puters are used or not at all b\' that class. If com puters are used by that class, please write in the num ber of hours per week, on average, that class uses computers. Prim ary Schools Use Do Kot Use No. of H ours per Week Junior Infant I J (550) L J (572-573) Senior Infant 1 First Class Second Class Third Class (580-581) Fourth Class Fifth Class Sixth Class Special Classes R em ed ia l (590-591) O ther Class 1 1 (560) 1 1 Second Level Schools First Year 1 1 (561) r~ (594-595) Second Year 1 Third Year T ransit ion Year (600-601) Fifth Year Sixth Year LCAP LCVP ■ PLCs 1 (610-611' VPTP l„ (570) 1 J 1 . O ther 1 I (S7n □ , 6 l4-61r ?50-61? - 8 - PleasG PRINT your replies to all questions E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AT YOUR SCHOOL Q.l DOES THE SCHOOL HAVE: a) In ternet Access? b) An e-m ail A ddress? n/nootli 35 Teacher surv ey for Case study post-primary schools 1999 A p p e n d i x C Teacher Survey This survey will ask you about your computer skills, and your use of ICT (Information and Communica t ion Technology) in teaching. The s tudy is being conducted by NUI Maynooth to help inform policy and planning for IT in Irish schools. A high response rate is very important if we are to build u p an accurate picture of the situation. Please help by complet ing the form below. Any information you give will be used for statistical analysis only, and will not be passed on to any other group except in summary form. You will not be asked to give your name. Thank you in advance for your co-operation. School ; H om e computer. Do you have a computer at home? Yes Q No Q If YES, how old is it? Less than 2 years old Q Between 3 and 4 years old □ More than 5 years old □ Are you the main user of the computer? Yes Q No Q H ow often do you use the computer Regularly (once a week or more) Q Occasionally (once a month or more)Cl Rarely (less than once a month) Q Never □ Do you have an e-mail or internet connection at home? Yes □ No Q Do you have a personal e-mail address. Yes Q No Q Computer skill Please rate your own computer skills below. j N O W ith Easily diff iculty produce a document on a wordprocessor. 1 2 3 save files on disk, and organise them in folders. 1 2 3 send an e mail. 1 2 3 browse the WWW. 1 2 3 use a spreadsheet to keep track of student's marks. 1 2 3 use CD ROM resources 1 2 3 incorporate a picture from a website into a document. 1 2 3 set up an internet connection. 1 2 3 set up a database to keep school records. 1 2 3 manage a school network. 1 2 3 Computer courses Have you done any computer course in the last year? Yes □ No Q Have you ever done any courses in computers? Yes □ No □ 36 Teacher surv ev for Case study post-primary schools 1999 Appendix C U sing ICTs in your teaching. W hat is your m ain teaching subject? ______________________ Did you use ICT in the last year in teaching this subject? Yes Q No Q If YES What did you do? (tick more than one if appropriate) Taught com puter applications (eg wordprocessing, spreadsheets) □ Used curriculum software (eg CD ROM) Q Used standard applications to teach parts of my subject. □ Used the internet as a resource. □ Got the students to do project work using the computer. Q If NO W hat stopped you? (tick m ore than one if appropriate) I don 't have enough com puter skill to use computers with a class. Q I can 't see any appropriate use with my classes. Q I couldn 't get access to the equipm ent. Q I couldn 't get the right software. Q I d idn 't have enough time Q Other (please specify)__________________________________________Q About you Age Gender 20-29 □ Male □ 30-39 □ Female □ 40-49 □ 50-59 □ 60+ □ Any com ments? Please use this space to make any comments if you wish. Thank you again fo r your time. A idan Mulkeen Education Department NUI Maynooth 37 APPENDIX D 2000 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES PRIMARY AND POST-PRIMARY, (ENGLISH VERSIONS) Q u estio n n a ire for P rim ary schoo ls , 200 0 A p p en d ix D A A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 O ffice use only NaOonal C entre for Techrtc c ^ o E Jucaoori National ICT Schools’ Survey 2000 Primary Schools General Information School name: County; Roil number: Type o f school: Please tick if the school: Type o f location: Q Primary school □ Special school □ Is a Gaelscoil Q Is located in a Gaeltacht area □ Has one or more special classes or the service o f a resource teacher for Travellers □ Has disadvantaged status □ Urban area □ Suburban □ Small town (under 10,000 population) □ Rural Are the pupils: Q All boys □ All girls □ Mixed boys and girls N um ber o f pupils at Sep tem ber 99: _____________ N um ber o f teachers at Septem ber 99: _____________ You can complete this survey on-line at: http://www.ncte.ie/survey2000 3 9 Q u estio n n a ire for P r im a n schoo ls , 2000 A p pend ix D B Technology B 1 Location and number of computers. Please com plete the table below indicating the location o f your com puters. Location Total number of computers Classrooms (excluding special classes) Number with CD ROM access Number connected to a network Number with access to the Internet Special classes Learning support/remedial room Assigned to individual children with special needs C om puter room j j ! 1 General resource areas/library ' Administration Other Total N um ber o f Computers B 2 The number of classrooms with computer facilities. Total num ber o f classrooms in the school: (please count only classrooms in use for teaching) N um ber o f classrooms with a computer; (please count only working computers) N um ber o f c lassroom s with a com puter able to use CD ROM: N um ber o f c lassroom s with access to the Internet: B 3 Type o f computers. Please indicate the numbers o f com puters o f each type in your school. Type No. of co m p u te r s PC 486 or older (desktop) PC Pentium or new er (desktop) Macintosh 68030 or older (desktop) Apple Power Mac or newer (desktop) Acorn Laptop / portable computers /portable wordprocessors Other type (please specify) 40 Q u e s t io n n a i r e tor P r im a r \ schools , 2 0 0 0 A ppe nd ix D B 4 Peripherals and special needs equipment. Please indicate the numbers o f other items o f ICT equipment in your school. Periphera ls / o the r eq u ipm en t ■ No. Laser printers I Other printers Scanners Digital cameras Data projectors or LCD projectors________________ Videoconferencing equipment Special needs periphera ls No. Switches and related interface boxes Touchscreens Other computer control devices (alternative and concept keyboards, mice, roller and trackerballs, joysticks) Other (augmentative communication devices, stand alone ICT devices). Please specify: C Internet C l Type o f Internet connection; □ (please tick one option only) □ □ C 2 Type o f Internet access: □ (please tick one option only) □ □ □ Via a standard telephone line (PSTT^I) Via an ISDN line Other (e.g., leased line) One machine only One machine at a time (line sharing) Multiple machines via network or router Other, please specify: C 3 Average number of hours “on-line” per month: (indicated on phone bill) C 4 Email and Internet: □ The school has email □ The school provides email accounts for teachers □ The school provides email accounts for pupils Q 5 What is the school email address? _____________________________________ 41 Q uest ionna ire lo r Primar> schools , 200 0 A ppend ix D C 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 14 Internet use: □ Som e teachers use the Internet for research / (tick as many as appropriate) resources □ Som e teachers use the ScoilNet website □ Som e pupils use the Internet for research □ Som e pupils use the ScoilNet website Internet safety: □ The school has an Acceptable Use Policy for (tick as many as appropriate) Internet safety □ The school uses filtering softw are to prevent unsuitable material being v iew ed on the Internet Website: □ The school has a website (tick as many as appropriate) □ The website is maintained by pupils. □ The website carries project or curricular work done by pupils What is the school website address (UR L)? http://__________________________________ N ever O ccas iona lly F re q u e n t ly The school principal uses email: □ □ □ Please indicate the num ber o f te ac h e rs who use email at school: Please indicate the num ber o f pupils who use email at school: Please indicate the num ber o f te ac h e rs who use the Internet at school: Please indicate the number o f pup ils who use Internet at school: 42 Q u e stio n n a ire to r P rim ary schoo ls, 2000 A ppend ix D D Use of ICT If your school is following a special education curriculum, please ignore these two questions and com plete the alternative tables, on the following page. D 1 Please indicate the use o f ICT by pupils in each class. P lease base your answ er on how often each pupil will have com puter time. A c c e ss to IC T Jnr Infants N/A Not applicable □ Never No access in class time □ Occasional Less than 1 period per month □ Regular Less than 1 period per week □ Frequent 1 period per week □ Very Frequent 2 or more periods i per week □ i Out of hours Access : outside o f : timetabled classes : □ Snr Infants □ □ □ □ □ □ : ^ Î ' c lass □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 2"“̂ class □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 3""* class □ □ □ □ □ □ . _______ □ 4'" class □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 5* class □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 6 “' c lass □ □ □ □ □ □ □ Learning support/ rem edial I □ □ □ □ □ ' □ □ Sp ecia l j c la ss 1 □ □ □ □ □ □ I □ 1 1 D 2 Please indicate the curriculum areas where ICT is used, by ticking the boxes. C u r r ic u lu m area Never Occasionally (A few times a year) Frequently (Approx Monthly) Regularly (Weekly or more) M athem atics □ □ □ □ Language □ □ □ □ G aeilge □ □ □ □ E nglish □ ^ □ □ □ SE SE □ □ □ □ H istory □ □ □ □ G eography □ □ □ □ S cien ce □ □ □ □ Arts E ducation □ □ □ □ P hysica l E ducation □ □ □ □ SPH E □ □ □ □ L earning support/rem edial □ □ □ □ Extra curricular projects □ □ □ □ O ther areas: (p lease specify ) ! i □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 43 Q uestionnaire for Pnniar> schools, 2000 Appendix D D S Use of ICT (Special) This page is for schools following a special education curriculum only. D SI Special schools use of ICT. If computers are used in a rota system w ithin class time, please base your answer on how often each pupil will have computer time.___________________________________ A cc e s s to IC T A ge g ro u p s 4 -6 N/A Not applicable □ Never No access in class time □ Occasional Less than 1 period per month □ Regular Less than 1 period per week □ F req uen t 1 period per week □ Very F requen t 2 or more periods per week □ Out of hours! i Access outside of timetabled classes ! Q 6-8 □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 8-10 □ □ □ □ □ □ ! □ 10-12 □ □ □ □ □ □ ' □ 12-14 □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 14-16 □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 16-18+ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ D S2 Please indicate the curriculum areas where ICT is used, by ticking the boxes. C u r r i c u l u m a r e a Never Occasionally Frequen tly Regularly (A few times (Approx (Weekly or a year) monthly) more) C o m m u n ic a t io n an d lan g u ag e □ □ □ □ M a th e m a t ic s □ □ □ □ A lls E d u c a t io n □ □ □ □ S E S E □ □ □ □ Physica l E d u c a t io n □ □ □ □ S P H E □ □ □ □ In fo rm a t io n a n d C o m m u n ic a t io n s T e c h n o lo g y □ □ □ □ Transitiony'pre v o c a t io n a l s tud ies □ □ □ □ P o s t -p r im a ry p ro v is io n □ □ □ □ A ccess to th e m a in s t re a m p r im ary c u r r icu lu m □ □ □ □ A ccess to th e m a in s t re a m p o s t -p r im ary cu rr ic u lu m □ □ □ □ O th e r areas ; (p lea se sp ec i fy ) □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 4 4 Q u estio n n a ire to r P r im a r\ schoo ls , 2 0 0 0 A p p e n d ix D D 3 Factors determining the patterns o f access in D1 and D2, or DSl and DS2. Which o f these factors □ Pattern determined by a school strategy with regard to ICT most explains the pattern o f □ Pattern a result o f different teachers level o f skill with ICT ICT use reported above? q Pattern a result o f different teachers level o f interest in using ICT □ Other: D 4 Please indicate the proportion o f pupil use o f software o f each type. Please estimate usage, ensuring that the total in each column adds to 100%. Type of use of ICT Writing packages such as word processors With Junior classes (Junior infants to 2"'* class) % With Senior classes (3"'' -6'’’ classes) % With remedial / resource class(es) % With special class(es)/ Special schools % CD ROM resources % % % % World Wide W eb / Internet % % % % Skill/practice games % % % % Simulations / exploratory environments % % % % Graphics (drawing) % % % % Spreadsheets / database % % % % Presentation and M ultimedia % % % % Program m ing (e.g., C++, H TM L) % % % % Total 100% 100% 100% 100% N/A - no classes o f this type in the school □ □ □ □ D 5 Use of computers in school administration. Does the school use □ General office use computers for any o f the □ Pupil records following purposes? □ p ^pn attendance □ Timetabling □ School accounts □ Pupil reports 4 5 Q u estio n n a ire for P r im a n schoo ls. 2000 A p p en d ix D E Teachers and training in ICT Teachers taking courses in ICT. E 1 How many teachers have done some courses in ICT (total number, all courses)? E 2 How many teachers have done N O courses in ICT? Numbers of teachers doing specific courses. How many o f the teachers have done each o f the following courses. Please note that the N C T E courses were usually delivered through education centres. Course Number E 3 N C T E Introductory Phase I E 4 N C T E Introductory Phase II E 5 N C T E Internet and email E 6 N C T E Creating a school website E 7 N C T E First line maintenance E 8 N C T E Multimedia authoring E 9 N C T E /IN T O Integration o f ICT into the primary curriculum E 10 N C T E Network management E l l How many teachers have done, or are currently doing, university diploma or masters level courses in ICT in education? ___________ E 12 Please tick if the school: □ Encourages staff to attend ICT courses □ Supports staff financially to do ICT courses □ Has organised ICT training for s ta ff in the school Teachers home access to ICT (estimate). E 13 H ow many teachers have a com puter at home (your estimate)? ___________ E 14 How many o f the teachers have access to the Internet at home? ___________ Teachers use of ICT in their work. E 15 H ow m any o f the teachers use ICT regularly in their teaching? (i.e. use with pupils, do not count use in preparation o f lessons) E 16 How many o f the teachers use ICT regularly for class preparation? (e.g., schemes, worksheets, flashcards etc) 46 Q u es t io n n a i r e for P r i m a n schools . 2 0 0 0 A p p e n d ix D E 17 Estimate of teachers' ICT skills. Please fill in your estimate o f the teachers' ICT skill. C o m p u te r skill N u m b e r o f te a c h e rs Male Female Teachers with no know ledge o f computers: Teachers with som e com puter skills: (e.g., would be able to produce a docum ent using a word- processor, or run C D ROM software) Em ail a n d th e I n t e r n e t skill N u m b e r o f te a c h e rs Male Female Teachers with no know ledge o f email and the Internet; Teachers with som e email and the Internet skills: (e.g., would be able to send and email or browse the w eb) 4 7 Q uestio n n a ire for Prim arv schoo ls , 2000 A p pend ix D F F 1 Experience and structures ICT co-ordinator / teacher: (please tick as many as appropriate) □ The school has a teacher designated as ICT co ­ ordinator □ The post o f ICT co-ordinator is a post o f responsibility □ The ICT co-ordinator is released from some teaching time to carrv out these duties p 2 ICT plan: □ The school has a written ICT plan □ The plan is updated regularly (at least annually) □ The school has made provision for equipment renewal □ Health and safety standards have been considered in making the ICT plan □ The school is aware o f the provisions o f the Data Protection Act F 3 Software: □ Software is selected by the ICT co-ordinator □ Software is selected by each class teacher □ The school has a software library □ The school targets different software for each class, so as to avoid duplication P 4 Pilot projects: □ The school is part o f a SIP project or cluster. SIP is the Schools Integration Project, organised by N CTE, which is helping schools to develop models o f ICT practice. □ Is part o f another ICT pilot project (sponsored or funded from outside the school) □ Has experience o f participation in some major innovative projects in the last 3 years (any curricular project, not exclusively ICT related). Please specify: p 5 Technical security: □ The school uses virus protection software □ The school makes regular back-ups o f important files p 6 W ho carries out the majority o f the routine maintenance and upkeep o f the computers? (e.g., installing software, fixing minor problems, making backups). Please tick one. □ A non-teaching s ta ff m em ber (e.g., technician) □ The ICT co-ordinator □ Other teacher(s) □ A commercial com pany, on service contract □ A commercial company, (no fixed contract) □ Parents □ Pupils □ Other: _______ 48 Qucst ioni ii ii rc lor Priniar> schoo ls . 20 0 0 Appendix [) G School priorities and needs for ICT This section should be com pleted by the school principal, indicating the school's thinking and current priorities for the developm ent o f ICT. G 1 S a t is fa c t io n w ith c u r r e n t s i tu a t io n Very unhappy Unhappy Happy i Very happy Are you happy with the am ount o f access to ICT that your pupils receive in school? □ □ i □ □ Are you happy with the am ount o f access to the Internet em ail that your pupils receive in school? □ □ □ □ P le a s e in d ic a te th e im p o r ta n c e o f e a c h o f th e fo l lo w in g in y o u r s c h o o l . G 2 E d u c a t io n a l p r io r i t ie s Very low priority Low priority High priority Very high priority To get all pupils to a basic level o f ICT skill □ □ □ □ To get some pupils involved in high level ICT projects □ □ □ □ T o get all teachers involved in using ICT in their teaching □ □ □ □ T o integrate ICT into curricular subjects □ □ □ □ Finding more suitable software / on-line resources □ □ □ □ To use ICT to support special needs children □ □ □ □ To ensure that pupils with no com puter at home are not disadvantaged □ □ □ □ To ensure that girls are not disadvantaged in access to and use o f ICT (ignore i f s ingle-sex school) □ □ □ □ To promote access to ICT by parents/ the wider com munity □ □ □ □ To provide ICT training for parents/ the wider com m unity □ □ □ □ G 3 T r a in in g a n d s u p p o r t Very low i Low priority j priority High priority Very high priority M ore training for teachers □ : □ 1 □ □ More technical support □ □ □ □ S elf help support groups □ □ □ □ In-school ICT training □ □ □ □ G 4 D is t r ib u t io n o f e q u ip m e n t ̂ Very low Low High Very high 1 priority priority priority priority More com puters in a central com puter room □ □ □ □ More com puters distributed around classrooms □ □ □ □ More com puters for administration □ □ □ □ 4 9 Q ues t ionna i re tor Primar> schools , 2 0 0 0 A p p e n d ix D G 5 E quipm ent and infrastructure Very low priority Low priority High priority | Very high priority Additional com puter equipment □ □ □ □ Replacem ent / renewal o f older equipm ent □ □ □ □ Faster Internet access □ □ □ □ Internet access on more com puters □ □ □ □ D evelopm ent o f a school network □ □ □ □ Independent advice on purchase o f hardware □ □ □ i □ Funding software purchase / licences □ □ □ □ Other □ □ □ □ □ ' □ □ Signed (by principal): Date: Thank you for your help and co-operation. Please return questionnaire by Friday, 26''' May 2000 to: Schools Survey 2000, National Centre for Technology in Education, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9. If you have any queries regarding this questionnaire, please contact our helpline at 1850 70 40 40. 50 Q uestionnaire for Post-prim ary schools, 2000 Appendix D A A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 Office use only OtMKmfMT O* O l O E A C H A I S I E D U C A T I O N A G U S e O L A l O C H T A A N D S C I E N C E N a t io ra l C ^ n tm fo r T ec h n o lo g y in E d u c a t io n National ICT Schools’ Survey 2000 Post-primary Schools General Information School nam e; C ounty; Roll num ber: Type o f school: P lease tick if the school; Type o f location; □ Secondary school □ V ocational school □ C om prehensive school G C om m unity school □ C om m unity college □ Is a G aelscoil □ Is located in a G aeltacht area □ H as disadvantaged status □ Has one or m ore special classes, o r a T raveller teaching hours allocation □ U rban area Q Suburban □ Sm all town (under 10,000 population) Q Rural A re the students; □ All boys Q All girls □ M ixed boys and girls N um ber o f students at Septem ber 99; (exclud ing PLC courses) ________ N um ber o f teachers at Septem ber 99; (w hole tim e equivalents) ________ N um ber o f students on PLC courses; (at S eptem ber 99) ________ You can complete this survey on-line at: http://www.ncte.ie/survey2000 51 Questionnaire for Post-primary schools. 2000 Appendix D B Technology B 1 Location and number of computers. Please complete the table below indicating the location o f your computers. Location Com puter Room '['otai number of computers Number with CD ROM access Number connected to a network Number w ith access to the Internet C lassrooms or laboratories (excluding special classes) Special classes I Learning support / remedial room A ssigned to individual students with special needs School library or resource areas S taff room or s ta f f w ork areas Offices / adm inistra tion i Careers room Other Total N um ber o f C om puters B 2 The number of classrooms with computer facilities. Total num ber o f classroom s in the school: (please count only classroom s in use for teaching) N um ber o f c lassroom s with a computer: (please count only w ork ing com puters) N um ber o f c lassroom s with a com puter able to use CD ROM: N um ber o f classroom s with access to the Internet: B 3 Type and number of computers. Please indicate the numbers o f computers o f each type in your school. T y p e No. o f c o m p u te r s PC 486 or older (desktop) PC Pentium or new er (desktop) Macintosh 68030 or o lder (desktop) A pple Power M ac or new er (desktop) Acorn Laptop / portable com puters /portable wordprocessors O ther type (please specify) Questionnaire for Post-primary schools, 2000 A ppend ix D B 4 Peripherals and special needs equipment. Please indicate the numbers o f other items o f ICT equipment in your school. Peripherals / other equipm ent No. Laser printers Other printers Scanners Digital cameras Data projectors or LCD projectors V ideoconferencing equipment Special needs peripherals No. Switches and related interface boxes Touchscreens Other com puter control devices (alternative and concept keyboards, mice, roller and trackerballs, joysticks) O ther (augmentative com m unication devices, stand alone ICT i devices). Please specify: | C Internet 1 Type o f Internet connection: (please tick one option only) C 2 Type o f Internet access: (please tick one option only) □ Via a standard telephone line (PS TN ) □ Via an ISDN line □ Other (e.g., leased line) □ One machine only □ One machine at a time (line sharing) □ Multiple machines via network or router □ Other, please specify: C 3 Average num ber o f hours “on-line” per month: (indicated on phone bill) C 4 Email and Internet: □ The school has email □ The school provides email accounts for teachers □ The school provides email accounts for students C 5 What is the school email address? Quest ionnaire tor Post-prim ary schools, 2000 Appendix D C 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 14 Internet use: □ Some teachers use the Internet for research / ( tick as m any as appropriate) resources □ Some teachers use the ScoilNet website □ Some students use the Internet for research. □ Some students use the ScoilNet website Internet safety; □ The school has an Acceptable Use Policy for (tick as m any as appropriate) Internet safety □ The school uses filtering software to prevent unsuitable material being viewed on the Internet. Website: □ The school has a website (tick as m any as appropriate) □ The website is maintained by students □ The website carries project or curricular work done by students W hat is the school website address (UR L)? http://_________________________________ N ever O ccas ionally F re q u e n t ly The school principal uses email: □ □ □ Please indicate the number o f te a c h e r s w ho use email at school: Please indicate the number o f s tu d e n ts w ho use email at school: Please indicate the number o f te a c h e r s who use the Internet at school: Please indicate the number o f s tu d e n ts w ho use Internet at school: 54 Q uest ionnaire for Post-p r im ary schools. 2000 AppciKli\ D D Use of ICT D 1 Please indicate the use o f ICT by each class. A c c e s s to IC T N7A Not applicable Never No access in class time Occasional Less than 1 period per month Regular Less than 1 period per week F requ en t 1 period per week Very F req u en t 2 or more periods per week O u t of hours Access outside o f timetabled classes 1 y ea r □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 2"“ Y ea r □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 3̂ ' ̂ Y ea r □ □ □ □ □ □ □ T ran s i t io n y ea r □ □ □ □ □ . □ □ 5'*’ y ea r □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 6 ”' y ea r □ □ □ ^ □ □ □ □ L C V P □ 1 □ □ □ □ □ □ L C A □ □ □ □ □ □ □ P L C cou rses □ □ □ □ □ □ □ S pec ia l c lasses □ □ □ □ □ ! □ □ D 2 Please indicate the subjects in which ICT is used, by ticking the boxes: S u b jec t Never Occasionally (A few times a year) F requen t ly (.Approx Monthly) R egular ly (Weekly or more) M ath s □ □ a ^ □ Irish □ □ □ □ E nglish □ □ □ □ O th e r lan g u ag e s □ □ □ □ Sciences □ □ □ □ B usiness sub jec ts □ □ □ □ G e o g ra p h y □ ^ □ □ □ H istory □ □ □ □ R elig ion □ □ □ □ T e c h n o lo g y □ □ □ □ L earn in g su p p o r t / rem ed ia l e d u c a t io n □ □ □ □ C aree rs g u id a n c e □ □ □ □ E xtra c u r r ic u la r p ro jec ts □ □ □ □ Arts □ □ □ □ M usic □ □ □ □ O th er sub jec ts : (p lease spec ify ) □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 55 Q uestionnaire for Post-primary schools. 2000 Appendix D D 3 Factors determining the patterns o f access in D1 and D2. Which o f these factors □ Pattern determined by a school strategy with regard to ICT most explains the pattern o f □ Pattern a result o f different teachers level o f skill with ICT ICT use reported above? q Pattern a result o f different teachers level o f interest in using ICT □ Other: D 4 Please indicate the proportion o f student use o f software o f each type. Please estimate usage, ensuring that the total in each column adds to 100%. Type of use of ICT With Junior cycle With Transition year With Senior cycle With special class(es) Writing packages such as word % % % % processors CD ROM resources % % % % World Wide Web / Internet % % % % Skill/practice games % % % Simulations / exploratory % % % % environments Graphics (drawing) % % % % Spreadsheets / database % % % % Presentation and multimedia % % % % Programming (e.g., C++, HTML) % % % % Careers software (e.g., Qualifax) % % % % Total 100% 100% 100% 100% N/A - no classes o f this type in □ □ □ □ the school D 5 Use of computers in school administration. Does the school use computers for any o f the following purposes? □ General office use □ Student records □ Student attendance □ Timetabling □ School accounts □ Student reports □ Examinations D 6 Certification. Does the school offer any □ No certification certification to students for □ Schools own certificate ICT courses? □ External certification (e.g., Dept o f Ed. and Science, NCVA, CGLI, ECDL, RSA) 56 Q uestionnaire for Post-primary schools. 2000 E Teachers and training in ICT Teachers taking courses in ICT. £ 1 How m a n \ teachers have done some courses in ICT? (total number, all courses) £ 2 How m any teachers have done N O courses in ICT? __________ Numbers of teachers doing specific courses. H ow many o f the teachers have done each o f the following courses. Please note that the N C T E courses were usually delivered through education centres. Course Number £ 3 N C T E Introductory Phase I £ 4 N C T E Introductory Phase II £ 5 N C T E Internet and email £ 6 N C T E Creating a school website £ 7 N C T E First line maintenance £ 8 N C T E Multimedia authoring £ 9 N C T E ICT in the teaching o f mathematics E 10 N C T E Network m anagem ent £ 1 1 How many teachers have done, or are currently doing, university diploma or masters level courses in ICT in education? _ _ _ _ _ _ E 12 Please tick if the school: □ Encourages s ta ff to attend ICT courses □ Supports s ta ff financially to do ICT courses □ Has organised ICT training for s ta ff in the school Teachers home access to ICT (estimate). E 13 How m any teachers have a com puter at home (your estimate)? ______________ E 14 H ow m any o f the teachers have access to the Internet at hom e? ______________ Teachers use of ICT in their work. E 15 H ow m any o f the teachers use ICT regularly in their teaching? (i.e. use with students, do not count use in preparation o f lessons) E 16 How m any o f the teachers use ICT regularly for class preparation? .Appendix D 57 Questionnaire for Post-primary sch oo ls, 2000 Appendix D E 17 Estimate of teachers' ICT skills. Please fill in your estim ate o f the teachers' ICT skill. C o m p u te r skill N u m b e r of te ac h e rs Male Female Teachers with no know ledge o f computers: Teachers with some com puter skills: ........ ...... .......... (e.g., would be able to produce a docum ent using a word- processor, or run CD R O M software) E m ail a n d th e I n t e r n e t skill N u m b e r o f te a c h e rs Male ! Female Teachers with no know ledge o f email and the Internet; j i Teachers with some email and the Internet skills: (e.g., would be able to send and email or browse the web) 1 58 Q uestionnaire for Post-primar> schools. 2000 Appendix D F Experience and structures F 1 ICT co-ordinator: □ The school has a teacher designated as ICT co- (please tick as many as ordinator appropriate) □ post o f ICT co-ordinator is a post o f responsibility □ The ICT co-ordinator is released from some teaching time to carry out these duties F 2 ICT plan: □ The school has a written ICT plan □ The plan is updated regularly (at least annually) □ The school has made provision for equipment renewal □ Health and safety standards have been considered in making the ICT plan □ The school is aware o f the provisions o f the Data Protection Act F 3 Pilot projects: □ The school is part o f a SIP project or cluster. SIP is (please tick as many as the Schools Integration Project, organised by appropriate) NCTE, which is helping schools to develop models o f ICT practice □ Is part o f another ICT pilot project (sponsored or funded from outside the school) □ Has e.xperience o f participation in some major innovative projects in the last 3 years (any curricular project, not e.xclusively ICT related) Please specify: F 4 Technical security: □ The school uses virus protection software □ The school makes regular back-ups o f important files F 5 W ho does the majority o f the routine m ain tenance and upkeep o f the com puters? (e.g., installing software, f ixing m inor problems, m aking backups). Please tick one: □ A non-teaching staff member (e.g., technician) □ The ICT co-ordinator □ Other teacher(s) □ A commercial company, on service contract □ A commercial company, (no fixed contract) □ Parents □ Students □ Other: 59 Q uestionnaire for Post-prim ary schools . 2000 Appendix D G School priorities and needs for ICT This section should be completed by the school principal, indicating the school's current priorities for the development o f ICT. G 1 S a tis fa c t io n w ith c u r r e n t s i tu a t io n Very unhappy U nhappy • Happy Very happy Are you happy with the am ount o f access to ICT that your students receive in school? □ □ □ □ Are you happy with the am ount o f access to the in ternet email that your students receive in □ □ □ □ school? Please indicate the importance o f each o f the following in your school. G 2 E d u c a t io n a l p r io r i t ie s Very low priority Low priority High priority Very high priority T o get all students to a basic level o f ICT skill □ □ □ □ T o get som e students involved in high level ICT projects □ □ □ □ T o get all teachers involved in using ICT in their teaching □ □ □ □ T o integrate ICT into curricular subjects □ □ □ □ Finding m ore suitable software / on-line resources □ □ □ □ To use ICT to support special needs children □ □ □ □ T o ensure that students with no com puter at home I | are not disadvantaged □ □ □ □ T o ensure that girls are not d isadvantaged in access to and use o f ICT (ignore if s ingle-sex school) □ □ □ □ ...................... To promote access to ICT by parents/ the w ider com m unity □ □ □ □ To provide ICT training for parents/ the w ider com m unity □ □ □ □ G 3 T ra in in g a n d s u p p o r t I Very low priority Low priority High priority Very high priority M ore training for teachers 1 □ □ □ □ More technical support 1 □ □ □ □ S elf help support groups □ □ □ □ In-school ICT training □ □ □ □ G 4 D is tr ib u t io n o f e q u ip m e n t Very low Low High Very high priority priority priority priority M ore com puters in a central com puter room □ □ □ □ M ore com puters distributed around c lassroom s □ □ □ □ More com puters for administration □ □ □ □ 6 0 Q u e s t io n n a i r e for P o s t -p r im a ry s c h o o ls , 2 0 0 0 A p p e n d i x D G 5 Equipm ent and infrastructure Very low priority Low priority High priority Very high priority Additional com puter equipment □ □ □ □ Replacement / renewal o f older equipm ent □ □ □ □ Faster Internet access □ □ □ □ Internet access on more computers □ □ □ □ Development o f a school network □ □ □ □ Independent advice and guidelines on purchase o f hardware □ □ □ □ Funding software purchase / licences □ □ □ □ Other □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ Signed (by principal): D ate:________________ Thantc you for your help and co-operation. Please return questionnaire by Friday, 26'*' May 2000 to: Schools Survey 2000, National Centre for T echnology in Education, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9. If you have any queries regarding this questionnaire, please contact our helpline at 1850 70 40 40. 61 APPENDIX E STATISTICAL REPORT BASED ON 1998 SURVEY Statistical report based on 1998 su rv ey A ppend ix E Statistical report The state of IT in Irish Schools 1998. 63 Statistical report based on 1998 survey Appendix E 1. Introduction Table 1.1 Response to survey Table I. lb Breakdown o f post prim ary schools. Table 1.2 School size 2. C om puter equipm ent in schools Table 2 .1 Numbers o f schools with computers Table 2.2 Number and type o f computers in the schools. Table 2.3 Numbers o f machines used fo r Teaching, administration, and both teaching and administration. Table 2.4 Computers with CD RO M and M O DEM Table 2.5 Types o f com puter with CD ROM Table 2.6 Types o f Computer with Modem Table 2 .7 Peripheral equipment. 3. Key indicators: C om puters per school, pupil com puter ratio. Table 3 .1 Summary o f Key indicators. Table 3.2 Frequency distribution o f computers in prim ary schools. Table 3.2 b Frequency distribution o f computers in Primary Schools Table 3.3 Analysis o f key indicators fo r post prim ary schools. Table 3.4 Distribution o f com puters in post prim ary schools. Table 3.4 b Distribution o f com puters in post prim ary schools. Table 3.5 Post prim ary schools, distribution o f pupil, com puter ratios Table 3.6 Distribution o f com puters in special schools Table 3.6b Distribution o f com puters in special schools 4. Local Area Networks in Schools Table 4 .1 Schools with network. Table 4.2 Type o f network. Table 4.3 Type o f network software. 5. Internet access Table 5.1 Access to internet Table 5.2 Internet services and school type. Table 5.2b Internet services and school type, breakdown o f post primary. Table 5.3 Schools having dedicated lines fo r Internet access. Table 5.4 Schools having ISD N lines and leased lines fo r internet access 6. Location of the com puters Table 6 .1 Location o f com puters in the school. Table 6. lb Location o f computers, breakdown o fp o s t primary. 7. Use o f IT in the school. Table 7. / Pattern o f use o f IT in Prim ary schools Table 7.2 Pattern o f use o f IT in Post Primary schools Table 7.3 Pattern o f use o f IT in Special schools Table 7.4 Pattern o f use o f IT, comparison o f school types. Table 7.4b Pattern o f use o f IT, breakdown o fp o s t prim ary 8. Applications used by the schools. Table 8 .1 Applications most used (all school types) Table 8.2 Applications used in prim ary schools. Table 8.3 Applications used in post prim ary schools. Table 8.4 Applications used in special schools. Table 8.5 Applications used in schools, Reference table. 9. Classes which use IT in the school Table 9.1 Classes which make use o f IT in the prim ary school. Table 9. lb Classes which m ake use o f IT in the prim ary school. Table 9.2 Classes which make use o f IT in the post prim ary school. Table 9.2 b Classes which make use o f IT in the post prim ary school. 10. Hours o f use o f com puters per week. Table 10.1 Average hours o f use o f IT fo r each class in prim ary school. Table 10.1b Average hours o f use o f IT fo r each class in prim ary school. Table 10.2 .Average hours o f use o f IT fo r each class in post prim ary school. Table 10.2 b .-Iverage hours o f use o f IT fo r each class in post prim ary school. 11. It co-ordinators, school plans Table ! 1.1 Presence o f an IT co-ordinator Table 11.2 Participation in an IT project Table 11.3 Presence o f a written IT plan 12. Teacher skills at IT Table 12.1 Teachers IT skills in prim ary schools 66 67 67 67 68 69 69 70 70 70 71 71 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 84 84 85 85 86 87 87 88 89 90 91 92 92 93 94 94 95 95 96 97 97 98 98 98 98 99 100 64 Statistical report based on 1998 survey Appendix E Table 12.1b Teachers IT skills in prim ary schools 100 Table 12.2 Teachers IT skills in po st prim ary schools 101 Table 12.2b Teachers IT skills in prim ary schools 101 13. Teachers with IT qualifications: 102 Table 13.1 Teachers with IT qualifications, reference table. 102 Table 13. Ib IT qualifications, reference table, breakdown o f post primary. 102 Table 13.2 Teachers IT qualifications, and school type 103 65 Statistical report based on 1998 survey Appendix E Statistical report The state of IT in Irish Schools 1998. 1. Introduction This report is a compilation of statistics gathered in the Schools IT2000 school survey, which was conducted in Spring 1998 by Telecom Eireann, The NCTE, and the Department of Education and Science. All schools in Ireland were surveyed, using a postal questionnaire. Follow-up phone calls were used to remind schools which did not reply. Schools had a additional incentive to reply, as the completed questionnaires were used to plan the distribution of equipment and services by Telecom Eireami. In all 3,995 schools replied, which represents a 97.7% response rate. This was comprised of 3,156 primary schools, 723 post primary schools, and 108 special schools (Table 1.1). School size varies considerably. 20% of schools had less than 50 pupils, while 11% had over 500. The median size falls in the category of 101-150 pupils (Table 1.2). This is an important reference when comparing "computers per school" statistics with other countries. Despite the high response rate, there may be some inaccuracies in the data. Although there is no direct evidence of any of these inaccuracies, it is possible that: • Some schools may have slightly under-reported the amount of equipment they had, in the hope of attracting increased grants. • Conversely some schools may have slightly over-reported in the hope of being designated pilot schools. • The schools which are disinterested in IT may be over-represented in those who did not reply. 6 6 Statistical rep o rt based on 1998 survey A ppendix E Table 1.1 Response to survey School type Total’ Response % response rate Primary schools 3200 3156 98.6 Post primary schools 775 723 93.3 Special schools I in 108 93.9 Schools of unknown type. 8 (Did not reply fully) No of schools 4090 3995 97.7 Table 1.1b Breakdown o f p o s t pr imary schools. Secondary 407 Vocational 183 Community college 63 Community School 54 Comprehensive 1(1 Total Post primary 723 Table 1.2 School s ize Size (no of pupils) Number of schools % of responses Under 50 810 20 51-100 957 24 101-150 542 14 151-200 305 8 201-300 439 11 301-500 474 12 Over 500 433 11 Did not reply 35 1 Total 3995 100 1 Total number of schools of each type. Taken from "Brief Description of the Irish Education System", Department of Education 1996. 67 Statistical report based on 1998 survey Appendix E 2. Computer equipment in schools In all 3,302 of the schools (83%) reported having some computers. Almost all the post primary schools had computers. Only 4 (0.6%) reported that they did not have any (Table 2.1). 79% of primary schools had computers, while 21% had none. Special schools were more likely to have computers, with 92% having at least one machine. In total the schools had 36,047 computers. On average each school had 10.9 computers (36,047 computers divided among 3,302 schools which reported having some machines). The majority of computers are PC's. 43% of the computers were Pentium PC's, while another 35% were older PC's (386 and 486). The largest of the other platforms was the BBC/ Acorn platform, which accounted for 9.4% of the machines. Apple computers accounted for a further 7.8% of the machines. While some of the machines reported may be quite old, a very substantial proportion are relatively new machines. 16,567 machines were either Pentium PCs or Apple Power Macs, accounting for almost 46% of the total. (Table 2.2). 29,457 computers were used for teaching, and 3,446 were used solely for administration, with the remaining 3,144 being used for both administration and teaching (Table 2.3). Thus over 90% of the computers in schools were used for teaching, with only 9.6% used solely for administration. Almost all the BBC micros were used for teaching (98.9%), while PCs were more likely to be used for administration (89% of Pentium PC's were used for teaching). 43% of the machines were equipped for CD ROM. There were slightly more CD ROM drives in the machines used for administration. (Table 2.4). CD ROM drives were most likely to be fitted to the newer machines, with 91% of Apple Power Macs and 78% of Pentium PCs having CD drives. (Table 2.5). 3,917 computers were equipped with Modems. This amounts to 10.9% of the total. Modems were more likely to be found in machines used for administration (18%) than in machines used for teaching (9%). Modems were also more likely to be found in the newer machines, and were installed in 36% of Apple Power Macs, and 19% of Pentium PCs. The majority of schools had a printer. 31% had at least one laser printer, and 63% had at least one printer of some other type. 6 8 Statistical report based on 1998 survey A ppendix E Apart from printers, the schools had relatively little peripheral equipment. 16.6% had a scanner, 4.9% had a data projector, and 3.4% had a digital camera. Table 2.1 Numbers of schools w i th computers School type Number i of schools Number having computers Number not having computers % not having computers Primary 3156 2483 671 21.3 Post primary 723 719 4 0.6 Special 108 100 8 7.4 Total 3987 3302 683 17.1 Table 2.2 Number and type of computers in the schools. Type of Number of % of total computer machines PC 386 5,977 16.6 PC 486 6,925 19.2 Pentium