There are temporal asymmetries in our attitudes towards the past and future. For example, we judge that a given amount of work is worth twice as much if it is described as taking place in the future, compared to the past ...

Philosophical debates about the metaphysics of time typically revolve around two contrasting views of time. On the A-theory, time is something that itself undergoes change, as captured by the idea of the passage of time; ...

Formalism is a philosophical theory of the foundations of mathematics that had a spectacular but brief heyday in the 1920s. After a long preparation in the work of several mathematicians and philosophers, it was brought ...

How is freedom valuable? And how should we go about defining freedom? In this essay, I discuss a distinction between two general ways of valuing freedom: one appeals to the good (e.g., to freedom's contribution to well-being); ...

Der Widerspruch im Herzen des logischen Systems Freges zwingt zu einer Revision seiner Annahmen. Es fragt sich, wie er sein System hätte anders bauen können, wenn er von vorneherein die Gefahr ...

Chalmers’ meta-problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining “problem reports”; i.e. reports to the effect that phenomenal consciousness has the various features that give rise to the hard problem. Chalmers (2018, ...

This paper explores the alleged role of a conception of human nature for Kant’s justification of the duty to leave the state of nature and the related right to coerce others to enter the civil condition ...