dc.contributor.author | Hennessy, Mark | en |
dc.contributor.author | Ludlow, Francis | en |
dc.date.accessioned | 2013-07-10T10:31:37Z | |
dc.date.available | 2013-07-10T10:31:37Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2013 | en |
dc.date.submitted | 2013 | en |
dc.identifier.citation | Francis Ludlow, Alexander R Stine, Paul Leahy, Enda Murphy, Paul A Mayewski, David Taylor, James Killen, Michael G L Baillie, Mark Hennessy and Gerard Kiely, Medieval Irish chronicles reveal persistent volcanic forcing of severe winter cold events, 431 - 1649 CE, Environmental Research Letters, 8, 2013, 024035 | en |
dc.identifier.other | Y | en |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2262/66682 | |
dc.description | PUBLISHED | en |
dc.description | Mark Hennessy (Joint Author)
Explosive volcanism resulting in stratospheric injection of sulfate aerosol is a major driver of regional to global climatic variability on interannual and longer timescales. However, much of our knowledge of the climatic impact of volcanism derives from the limited number of eruptions that have occurred in the modern period during which meteorological instrumental records are available. We present a uniquely long historical record of severe short-term cold events from Irish chronicles, 431?1649 CE, and test the association between cold event occurrence and explosive volcanism. Thirty eight (79%) of 48 volcanic events identified in the sulfate deposition record of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice-core correspond to 37 (54%) of 69 cold events in this 1219 year period. We show this association to be statistically significant at the 99.7% confidence level, revealing both the consistency of response to explosive volcanism for Ireland?s climatically sensitive Northeast Atlantic location and the large proportional contribution of volcanism to historic cold event frequencies here. Our results expose, moreover, the extent to which volcanism has impacted winter-season climate for the region, and can help to further resolve the complex spatial patterns of Northern Hemisphere winter-season cooling versus warming after major eruptions. | en |
dc.description.abstract | Explosive volcanism resulting in stratospheric injection of sulfate aerosol is a major driver of regional to global
climatic variability on interannual and longer timescales. However, much of our knowledge of the climatic impact
of volcanism derives from the limited number of eruptions that have occurred in the modern period during which
meteorological instrumental records are available. We present a uniquely long historical record of severe
short-term cold events from Irish chronicles, 431?1649 CE, and test the association between cold event occurrence
and explosive volcanism. Thirty eight (79%) of 48 volcanic events identified in the sulfate deposition record of the
Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice-core correspond to 37 (54%) of 69 cold events in this 1219 year period. We
show this association to be statistically significant at the 99.7% confidence level, revealing both the consistency of
response to explosive volcanism for Ireland?s climatically sensitive Northeast Atlantic location and the large
proportional contribution of volcanism to historic cold event frequencies here. Our results expose, moreover, the
extent to which volcanism has impacted winter-season climate for the region, and can help to further resolve the
complex spatial patterns of Northern Hemisphere winter-season cooling versus warming after major eruptions | en |
dc.description.sponsorship | We thank Brian
?
an Nolan, William Nolan, Michael Mc-
Cormick, Bruce Campbell, Arlene Crampsie, Valerie Hall,
Andrei Kurbatov, Michael Monk, Daniel McCarthy, Peter
Coxon, William J Smyth, Stephen McCarron, David Brown,
David Dickson, Poul Holm, Barry O?Dwyer, Michael Sigl,
Kees Nooren, Edward R Cook, Gill Plunkett, Chaochao
Gao and Alan Robock for discussion of the results and/or
the manuscript. Francis Ludlow was funded to undertake
part of this work by a Ziff Environmental Fellowship
from the Harvard University Center for the Environment,
a Government of Ireland Postgraduate Scholarship from
the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social
Sciences, and additional funding from the Irish Environmental
Protection Agency?s Climate Change Research Programme
(2007/CCRP/2.7?Extreme Weather, Climatic Shifts & Nat-
ural Disasters in Ireland). Alexander R Stine was funded
to undertake part of this research by a Kernan Brothers
Environmental Fellowship from the Harvard University
Center for the Environment, and by a National Science
Foundation grant (NSF ATM-0902374). Francis Ludlow and
Alexander R Stine thank the Harvard Open-Access Publishing
Equity (HOPE) Fund for contributing to the open-access
article charge. Paul Leahy and Gerard Kiely were funded by
the Irish Environmental Protection Agency?s Climate Change
Research Programme (2007/CCRP/2.7). Paul Leahy and Paul
A Mayewski thank the Science Foundation Ireland and the
Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, respectively,
for their contribution to the article charge. We thank the
Corpus of Electronic Texts project (ucc.ie/celt) for access to
hypertext editions of sources and word counts of the Irish
Annals. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their
valuable comments on the manuscript. | en |
dc.format.extent | 024035 | en |
dc.language.iso | en | en |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | Environmental Research Letters | en |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | 8 | en |
dc.rights | Y | en |
dc.subject | volcano-climate, palaeoclimate, temperature extremes, Ireland, Northeast Atlantic, ice-cores, medieval chronicles | en |
dc.subject.lcsh | volcano-climate, palaeoclimate, temperature extremes, Ireland, Northeast Atlantic, ice-cores, medieval chronicles | en |
dc.title | Medieval Irish chronicles reveal persistent volcanic forcing of severe winter cold events, 431 - 1649 CE | en |
dc.type | Journal Article | en |
dc.contributor.sponsor | National Science Foundation (NSF) | en |
dc.contributor.sponsor | Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) | en |
dc.type.supercollection | scholarly_publications | en |
dc.type.supercollection | refereed_publications | en |
dc.identifier.peoplefinderurl | http://people.tcd.ie/mhnnessy | en |
dc.identifier.peoplefinderurl | http://people.tcd.ie/fludlow | en |
dc.identifier.rssinternalid | 86902 | en |
dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024035 | en |
dc.contributor.sponsorGrantNumber | NSF ATM-0902374 | en |
dc.relation.source | Irish Annals | en |
dc.subject.TCDTheme | Making Ireland | en |
dc.subject.TCDTheme | Smart & Sustainable Planet | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Agriculture, settlement and society in medieval Ireland | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Annals | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | CLIMATE | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | CLIMATE CHANGE | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | CLIMATE-CHANGE | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Chronicles | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Climate Change | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Climate Change Impacts on the Environment | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Climate History | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Early Medieval History | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | HOLOCENE CLIMATE | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Irish History | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Late Medieval Ireland, 1166-1534 | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | MEDIEVAL | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Medieval History | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Medieval History | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Medieval Ireland | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Medieval Ireland | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Medieval Sources | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Medieval Studies | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | PALAEOCLIMATE | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | PALEOCLIMATE | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | VOLCANIC ACTIVITY | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Volcanic Aerosol | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | Volcanic Eruptions | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | climate change impacts | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | climate research | en |
dc.subject.TCDTag | volcanic dust veil | en |
dc.identifier.rssuri | http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024035 | en |
dc.relation.sourceuri | http://www.ucc.ie/celt | en |
dc.status.accessible | N | en |