http://hdl.handle.net/2262/6739 Digital Images relating to the archaeology of medieval Ireland and Europe Sat, 18 May 2013 22:50:36 GMT 2013-05-18T22:50:36Z http://www.tara.tcd.ie:80/retrieve/16891/16360.jpg http://hdl.handle.net/2262/6739 http://hdl.handle.net/2262/8484 Title: Excavations of Medieval Urban Layers at Carrickfergus, Co. Antrim Author: Unknown Description: Excavations conducted by Thomas (Tom) Delaney in 1972 of the medieval urban layers at Carrickfergus, Co. Antrim, Ireland. This excavation is significant as it is one of the few excavations of urban settlement in medieval Ireland, and it revealed the existence of an urban tower house. Photograph by Terry Barry. Mon, 30 Apr 2007 15:36:38 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2262/8484 2007-04-30T15:36:38Z http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7679 Title: Gisors Castle, Gisors, Normandy, France Author: de Bellême, Robert Description: The castle at Gisors, Normandy, France. Photograph taken by Terry Barry. Thu, 05 Apr 2007 21:20:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7679 2007-04-05T21:20:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7678 Title: Falaise Castle, Falaise, Normandy, France Author: Barry, Terry Description: The castle at Falaise, Normandy, France. Photograph taken by Terry Barry. For more information consult [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Château_de_Falaise ][Website visited 05 April 2007] Thu, 05 Apr 2007 21:07:38 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7678 2007-04-05T21:07:38Z http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7660 Title: Tomb of William I, King of England (William the Conqueror), Caen, Normandy, France Author: Barry, Terry Description: The tomb of William the Conqueror (1027 or 8-1087) at Caen, Normandy, France. Photograph taken by Terry Barry in October 1989. Thu, 05 Apr 2007 20:27:55 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7660 2007-04-05T20:27:55Z http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7659 Title: Excavation at Albon, Ardèche, France in 1997 Author: Barry, Terry Description: Archaeological excavations at Albon, France in 1997. Photograph by Terry Barry. Thu, 05 Apr 2007 20:16:01 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7659 2007-04-05T20:16:01Z http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7642 Title: Daere Castle, Cumbria (England) Description: Daere Castle, Cumbria, England. Photographs taken by Terry Barry in 1984. Thu, 05 Apr 2007 19:02:04 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7642 2007-04-05T19:02:04Z http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7565 Title: Abbey aux Dames, Caen, Normandy, France Description: Abbey aux Dames, Caen, Normandy, France. Photograph taken by Terry Barry in October 1989. This abbey and the Abbey aux Hommes were dedicated by William and his wife Matilda. Tue, 03 Apr 2007 16:43:37 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7565 2007-04-03T16:43:37Z http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7563 Title: Clifford's Tower, York, England Description: Clifford's Tower, York City, Yorkshire. The stone tower was built on the of a Norman motte-and-bailey. Photographs Taken by Terry Barry. York Castle is a fortification in the city of York, England. The Castle itself was later dismantled, but the site contains Clifford's Tower, a quatrefoil keep built on top of a Norman motte (grid reference SE605515), the courts, Castle Museum and former prisons. It was the site of a massacre of Jews in 1190. York is located at a crossing of the River Ouse, and the confluence of Rivers Ouse and Foss. Because of the site's strategic importance the Romans established a garrison there. After the Norman Conquest of 1068–1069, William the Conqueror established two Motte and Bailey wooden castles in York. York Castle between the Rivers Ouse and Foss and what is now Baile Hill on the South Bank. In 1190 the wooden tower was the last refuge of the 150 Jewish residents in York. Richard de Malbis of York was a debtor of Aaron of Lincoln, an influential Jewish banker of the late 12th century. When a fire broke out in the city of York, De Malbis used the opportunity to incite a mob to attack the home of a recently deceased agent of Aaron of Lincoln named Benedict of York, killing his widow and children and burning the house. Joce (Joseph) the leader of the Jewish community of York obtained the permission of the warden of York Castle to remove his wife and children and the rest of the Jews into the castle, where they were probably placed in Clifford's Tower. This was surrounded by the mob, and when the warden left the castle, the Jews would not readmit him for fear of the mob. He appealed to the sheriff, who called out the county militia, who surrounded Clifford's Tower for several days. On 16 March 1190 the Tower was set on fire, and many Jews either perished in the flames or took their own lives rather give themselves up to the mob; those who did surrender were killed. In all around 150 Jews died. A plaque on the hill on which the tower is placed reads: "On the night of Friday 16 March 1190 some 150 Jews and Jewesses of York having sought protection in the Royal Castle on this site from a mob incited by Richard Malebisse and others chose to die at each other's hands rather than renounce their faith." The king's Chancellor dismissed the sheriff and constable for failing to prevent the massacre and imposed a heavy fine on York's citizens. However, the ringleaders had fled and could not be brought to justice. The tower was rebuilt in stone between 1245 and 1265. The castle's bailey walls, towers, gates, bridges, two halls, a chapel, a kitchen and a prison were all built at this time. The name Clifford’s Tower was first recorded in 1596 and derives its name from Roger de Clifford, who was hanged there in 1322. Before then it was called the Great Tower. Very few examples of this multilobed type of castle tower exist. One is the keep of Pontefract Castle (now badly damaged). An identical example to York can be found at Étampes, France. In recent times, the surrounding area of Clifford's Tower has been considered for retail development. Some citizens, visitors, academics, environmentalists, local businesspeople and Jewish groups have opposed the development with some success, winning a lengthy and bitter Public Inquiry in 2003. English Heritage owns the castle. The motte of Clifford's Tower is believed to be the "hill" that the Grand Old Duke of York marched 10,000 men up and down in the nursery rhyme, although there are several other theories. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford%27s_Tower Tue, 03 Apr 2007 16:41:06 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7563 2007-04-03T16:41:06Z http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7562 Title: White Tower, London, England Author: William the Conqueror; William Rufus; Henry I Description: White Tower (Tower of London), London, England. Photograph taken by Terry Barry. There is restoration work being carried out on one of the towers. The White Tower is a central tower at the Tower of London. The great central keep was built by William the Conqueror and finished by his sons and successors, William Rufus and Henry I, around 1087. It is 90 feet high and is of massive construction, the walls varying from 15 feet thickness at the base to almost 11 feet in the upper parts. Above the battlements rise four turrets; three of them are square, but the one on the north-east is circular. This turret once contained the first royal observatory. King Henry III - 1216-72 - had the exterior of the building whitewashed, which is how the tower got its name. A royal council chamber occupied the middle floor. In this chamber in 1399 Richard II was forced to sign away his throne, and in 1483 Richard III summarily sentenced Lord Hastings to death. Its walls are now home to displays from the Royal armouries including original armours worn by Henry VIII and Charles I plus a reconstructed display of the massive collection of weapons once housed in the Grand Storehouse. Visit the 'Spanish Armoury' which contains The Tower's historic instruments of torture, including the infamous block and axe. In 1974, there was a bomb explosion in the mortar room in the White tower leaving one person dead and 41 injured. No one claimed responsibility for the blast, however the police were investigating suspicions that the IRA was behind it. There are suspicions that the Princes in the Tower were truly murdered in the White Tower rather than in the legendary Bloody Tower, but like most of the story, evidence is unclear. It was in the White Tower that King Richard II - 1377-99 - was condemned as a tyrant and forced to abdicate, by his cousin Henry of Bolingbroke, who became King Henry IV - 1399-1413. Randulf Flambard, Bishop of Durham the First recorded prisoner at the Tower of London, was imprisoned in the White Tower on the orders of King Henry I in 1100, escaped in 1101 and fled to Normandy, using a rope smuggled to him in a pot of wine. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Tower_%28Tower_of_London%29 [Website visited 03 April 2007] Tue, 03 Apr 2007 16:34:18 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7562 2007-04-03T16:34:18Z http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7559 Title: Dover Castle, Kent, England Description: Dover Castle, Kent, England. Photograph by Terry Barry. Tue, 03 Apr 2007 16:26:22 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7559 2007-04-03T16:26:22Z